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    西藏大學學報（社會科學版）

    西藏大學學報（社會科學版）

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    Journal of Tibet University
    《西藏大學學報》（社會科學版）是建國以來，西藏第一所綜合性大學主辦的綜合性學術期刊，目前自治區唯一的CSSCI來源期刊，創刊于1986年?！秾W報》始終以馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，貫徹落實科學發展觀，堅持黨的基本路線，堅持“二為”方向，貫徹“雙百”方針；發揚學術民主，促進學術交流。為加強民族團結、促進社會經濟發展和構建和諧西藏服務；為學校的教學和科研工作服務?！秾W報》突出藏學研究、西部大開發中民族高等教育的現狀與發展等研究內容。為高校教師、社會科學工作者以及關心藏族文化發展的社會各界人士服務。
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    • 發文量：2690
    • 被引量：440
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    • 開始收錄時間：1993(1)
    • CNKI綜合因子：0.247
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    • 創刊時間：1986
    • 國內刊號/CN：54-1034/C
      國際刊號/ISSN：1005-5738
    • 發行周期：季刊
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    • 主管單位：西藏自治區教育廳
      主辦單位：西藏大學
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    西藏大學學報（社會科學版） >2021年第4期

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    • 摘要：文章從關注現代化進程中門巴族珞巴族傳統體育面臨的困境出發，認為在現代文明的進程中，門珞群眾的生產生活方式、文化觀念發生了變化，昔日的狩獵觀念已不存在，造成了門巴族珞巴族傳統體育的弱化與變遷。提出門巴族珞巴族傳統體育的傳承路徑應從西藏文化建設、與旅游業結合、與民俗節慶結合、全民健身發展與學校教育等方面入手。%The article concerns the difficulties of Monba and Lhoba’s traditional ethnic sports in modernization. As in the process of modern civilization, the production method, life style and cultural values of Monba and Lhoba ’s people has changed a lot, their traditional hunting concept no longer exists, which results in the infirmness and changes of their traditional ethnic sports. Thus, it is proposed that the inheritance of the traditional sports of Monba and Lhoba ethnic groups should start with Tibetan cultural development, and integrate the development of the traditional ethnic sports with the development of local tourism, folklore festivals, mass fitness programs and school education.
    • 摘要：In this paper, based on the statistical data of the years 1978-2014, we selected four indicators includ?ing financial development scale, financial development efficiency, economic growth and financial support, and es?tablished VAR system and VECR system by adopting the method of Granger Causality Test and Impulse Re?sponse Analysis in order to explore the relationship between financial development, economic growth and finan?cial support in Tibet. The results showed:there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between financial development scale, financial support and economic growth in Tibet. Compared with fiscal support, the promoting effect of the scale of financial development to economic growth is stronger. And with the development of financial scale, the dependence of local economic growth on financial support is becoming less. Tibet has no endogenous expansion in financial development scale , instead it relies on external forces to promote. The financial industry's capability of resource allocation in Tibet is still relatively weak, and its positive effects on economic growth has not yet been revealed. The local government, therefore, should take measures to promote financial development of Tibet by making use of external forces like the expansion of financial scale and efficiency improvement. With the development of financial industry, the dependence of the economic growth of Tibet on financial support will gradually reduced.%文章基于1978年-2014年的統計數據，選取金融發展規模、金融發展效率、經濟增長與財政扶持四個指標，通過建立VAR系統與VECR系統，采用格蘭杰因果檢驗與脈沖響應分析等方法探討了財政扶持下西藏金融發展與經濟增長的關系。結果顯示：西藏金融發展規模、財政扶持與經濟增長之間具有長期穩定的均衡關系，相較于財政扶持而言，金融規模發展對經濟增長的正向激勵作用要更強，而且隨著金融規模的擴大，西藏地方經濟發展對財政扶持的依賴會逐漸減弱；西藏金融發展規模擴張不具有內生性，需要借助于外部力量來推動；西藏金融業對資源的配置能力相對較弱，其對經濟發展的積極作用還沒有顯現出來。因此，應當采取措施借助外援力量推動西藏金融發展，包括金融規模的擴張與效率的提升，隨著金融業的發展，西藏經濟發展對財政的依賴就會逐漸降低。
    • 摘要：With the popularity of smart phones and the rapid development of mobile networks, tourists’demand for tourism mobile e-commerce is larger than before. This article analyzes the present situation and problems in the supply of tourism mobile e-commerce in Tibet by doing an empirical research on the tourists’demand of the four different services, namely mobile information services, mobile location-based service, mobile customer ser?vice, mobile payment services. Considering the supply and demand of the services, some suggestion is proposed, for instance, to build a Tibet tourism destination APP and design services and functions provided by the APP, in order to promote Tibet’s tourism information industralizaion.%隨著智能手機的普及和移動網絡的快速發展，旅游者對旅游移動電子商務的需求更加旺盛。文章對西藏旅游移動電子商務供給現狀及存在的問題進行分析，通過實證研究調查來藏游客對移動信息服務、移動定位服務、移動客戶服務、移動支付服務四個方面的服務需求。從供需角度綜合考量，提出要搭建西藏旅游目的地移動客戶端應用程序，并對該移動客戶端提供的服務內容和功能提出設想，為西藏旅游信息化建設提供參考。
    • 摘要：當前，新媒體深刻影響著人們的思想觀念、工作方式與生活質量，給高校青年教師思想政治教育帶來新的機遇與挑戰。新媒體能夠拓展青年教師的知識涵養，提升精神素養，促進青年教師的自我發展。同時，新媒體也不斷侵蝕著主流價值體系，其虛擬性與現實性的矛盾以及信息傳播中的異化現象，使得一些青年教師迷失自我、道德弱化，給傳統的思想政治教育模式帶來挑戰。為此，高校要加強正確的輿論導向宣傳，建設新型媒體教育服務平臺，主動占領新媒體思想政治工作陣地，提高青年教師的的自律性，才能讓高校青年教師思想政治教育取得實效。%The ideology, working manner and life quality of people are being deeply influenced by the new me?dia at present, which brings about some new opportunities and challenges to the ideological and political educa?tion of young college teachers in colleges and universities. The new media can not only expand young teacher ’s knowledge, promote their spiritual quality, also accelerate their self-development. Meanwhile, the primary value system is being constantly eroded by the new media, and the contradiction between the virtuality and fasibility of the new media and the alienation phenomenon resulting from information-spreading make some young teachers lost and their morality weakened, which challenges the traditional mode of ideological and political education of young teachers. In order to make the ideological and political education of young teachers in colleges and univer?sities effective, the following measures should be taken into account. Firstly, the propaganda of appropriate pub?lic opinion direction in colleges and universities should be reinforced. Secondly, the service platform of new me?dia education should be established to actively occupy the working field of ideological and political education based on new media, improving young teachers’self-discipline.
    • 摘要：在漢藏邊界生活的白馬藏人中，現在還流傳著一種藏文記為“gLu”，當地藏語方言讀做“勒”或者“魯”的古歌，這些古歌在白馬山寨的人生禮儀和祭祀儀式中還被廣泛演述，被白馬藏人認為是他們的文化與信仰的根基。筆者在廣泛搜集整理這些古歌的基礎上，研究認為這些古歌與前佛教時期的斯巴苯教有著非常緊密的聯系，其中表現出的基本內容和核心思想反映了斯巴苯教的“三元論”宇宙觀、“三分法”的世界觀和對“十三”這個數字的尊崇。這些古歌為我們了解青藏高原前佛教時期的宗教信仰，尤其是漢藏文化邊境的白馬藏人的深厚傳統提供了非常珍貴的材料。%Baima Tibetans live in the Tibetan area of Sino-Tibetan Borderlands in Sichuan and Gansu. Their an?cient folk songs called"gLu"still popular there. These songs are sung on the life rites and religious sacrifice cer?emonies by Baima Tibetans in their mountainous villages. Baima Tibetans believe that the songs are the founda?tion of their culture and beliefs. Based on a research of a large collection of the ancient songs, this paper points out that these ancient songs have a very close connection with the ancient Bon religion, as the basic content and core idea of the songs reflect the world view of Srid-pa Bon and its worship or preference of the number 13. The ancient songs are very precious material for us to understand ancient religious beliefs of the people on the Tibet?an plateau who have been less influenced by Buddhism and Buddhist culture .
    • 摘要：Folk aesthetic culture is a cultural experience that has developed and formed overtime in different eth?nic groups around the world. It is considered as a domain through which researchers and scholars study national characters. However, due to the wideness in scale and varieties in content, a specific break point needs to be found to pry into the contents and features of folk aesthetic culture. With a detailed comparison of proverbs in Ti?betan, Chinese and English languages, this article uses proverbs as an entry point and studies the philosophic aesthetics, folk aesthetics and rhetoric aesthetics that exist in the three languages. Through careful analysis, this article aims to reveal the features and similarities of folk aesthetic cultures in Tibetan, Chinese and English cul?ture.%民間審美文化是世界各民族在悠久的歷史長河中不斷發展和沉淀所形成的群體性文化體驗，是審視民族文化性格的中心切入點。文章通過對藏、漢、英諺語內容及形式上的比對，以三種不同語言文化背景下的諺語作為切入點，從哲理美、民俗美及修辭美三種審美方向系統探析藏、漢、英三種語言中，諺語語境下的民間審美文化形態及其共性。通過對三種文化審美共性的探究，尋求跨文化交流的共同根基。
    • 摘要：with the deepening of inter-ethnic communication, the Muslim(Hui) Tibetans in Shigatse as a typical ex?ample of acculturation, is a group of people have been gradually“Tibetanized”in the process of inter-ethnic communication, but they consciously preserve and inherit their national identity at the aspect of religious belief and ethnic intermarriage. Compared with the strict marriage discipline of the Muslim people in inland prohibit?ing ethnic intermarriage, the Muslim Tibetans in Shigatse allow ethnic intermarriage, but the Tibetans or any oth?er ethnic people, who marry with the Muslim Tibetans, have to convert their religious beliefs to Islam first.%伴隨著族際交流的日益深入，日喀則“藏回”作為文化涵化的典型例證，是族際深度交往過程中，逐步“藏化”的群體，但是在宗教信仰與族際通婚方面，刻意保留并維持著原有的民族特征。較之內地回族嚴格族內婚姻的戒律，日喀則“藏回”可以接受“藏入回”或者其他民族“入回”，可以婚娶他族的配偶，但是前提條件是對方必須信仰伊斯蘭教，即改變原有宗教信仰。除卻極端個例外，不存在“回入藏”的現象。
    • 摘要：青藏高原上藏族及其先民的文化屬于一種特殊類型的游牧文化，從吐蕃時期開始，逐漸發展出了一種特殊的“農牧分營”型的游牧文化，這在很大程度上減輕了對于中原農耕民族農產品的依賴。在歷史上，青藏高原上的游牧民族沒有出現驟興驟衰的現象，他們東向發展的重要動力來源之一就是游牧民族對草原和商業貿易的需求。正是由于青藏高原游牧文化的這些基本特征，使得這里的游牧民族對歷史上絲綢之路，特別是對西南絲綢之路的長期控制和經營十分重視，也就使得古代西南絲綢之路一直持續到了近現代。%On the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the ancient Tibetan culture was a special type of nomadic culture as since the times of the Tubo, a special nomadic culture had developed, in which agriculture and animal husbandry were operated separately. It, to a large extent, eased Tibet’s dependence on the agricultural products from the Central Plain. In the history the nomadic people on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau have not experienced any sudden rise or fall, and one of important reasons of their eastward development was their needs of more grasslands and commercial trade. Thus, the nomadic people on the plateau attach great importance to the Silk Road, particularly to the control and operation of the road, which makes the southwest part of the ancient Silk Road exist to modern times.
    • 摘要：Throughout the long history of the Mosuo, her culture has been widely influenced by both Taba Reli?gion and the Tibetan Buddhism. Consequently, this has impacted on Mosuo’s attitude to life and death, and their traditional behavior in hospice care. In the Mosuo culture, comforting the living and burying the dead by means of various religious rites and the affection between family members which reflect an natural view of life and death. This article, starting from the hospice care, analyzes the religious faith and funeral ceremony arrangement of the Mosuo, and discusses their hospice care traditions with the background of their religious faith and view of life and death, then explains the relational vein between them. Just as the saying goes, knowing the past is to un?derstand the future. The ultimate purpose of the article is to seek how to take full use of the good practice on the Mosuo’s hospice care to promote the development of our contemporary medical treat and cure.%在中國各民族傳統中，臨終關懷是一項重要內容。在摩梭文化發展過程中，受到達巴教和藏傳佛教兩種文化的深刻影響，摩梭人對待生死的態度和他們臨終關懷的傳統做法也深深地打上了這一烙印。在摩梭文化中，通過各種宗教儀式和親人們之間的感情傳遞，慰藉生者、安送亡人，體現了從容坦然的生死觀。文章以臨終關懷為出發點，通過分析摩梭人的宗教信仰及其喪儀安排，探討摩梭人在宗教信仰和生死觀影響下的臨終關懷傳統，解釋其中的脈絡關系。告諸往而知來者，研究的最終目的在于揭示如何將摩梭人關于臨終關懷的優秀做法應用于當代醫學救治。
    • 摘要：In the late 18th century, Britain occupied Bangladesh and the neighboring areas of Tibet, so Tibet was facing border crisis. Tibetan local government appointed Geshi Punan Gier as an envoy to communicate with Brit?ish India. The envoy traveled back and forth from Tibet to Calcutta around 20 years to promote mutual under?standing, so he has made positive contributions to the peace of both sides.%18世紀后期，英國占領孟加拉等地，與西藏藩屬接壤，西藏面臨邊疆危機。西藏地方政府委任普南吉爾格西為使者，西藏與英屬印度進行了早期交往。普南吉爾格西在西藏與加爾各答之間奔走二十年，促進了雙方的了解，為雙方保持和平做出了積極貢獻。
    • 摘要：日?？臻g成為研究社會變遷中的普通個體適應環境、創造新經驗的重要維度之一。拉薩的城市化是國家力量的直接推動和民族謀求發展的內在需要的合力結果。國家對城市的空間規劃、地方社會對空間資源的重新分配，以及普通村民對日?？臻g的靈活調適，都構成了城郊時空生活的變動圖景。位于“圣城”拉薩郊區的藏熱村人在不可逆的城市擴張中，一方面被裹挾進“離開土地”式的產業空間重構，另一方面也參與了對日?？臻g的再生產，并創造出新的空間體驗。社會主體在一定的空間條件下，能夠有選擇性地保留傳統的價值偏好和文化習俗，在變遷的個人與公共空間里探索著自身發展的可能性，這個過程也增強了藏民族在現代化中的自信心。%The concept of daily space provides methodological challenges for the research associated with the indi?viduals of the grassroots society who developed a variety of innovative ways to reconstruct the cultural space in the process of urbanization and social change. This article explores the genesis of spatial change in the daily lives of the Gtsang-ral-grong-tsho villagers in Lhasa, Tibet by focusing on their private and public space and discusses the relevance of space as an expression of villagers social identity and traditional values in terms of their spatial practices among the new urban communities.
    • 摘要：“十二五”時期，西藏自治區認真貫徹落實中央有關精神，努力奮斗，借助國家實施的文化惠民工程、對口支援省市和企業的支持、幫助，基本形成了區、地市、縣、鄉、村五級公共文化設施網絡，服務條件全面改善，文化產品數量和服務質量顯著增長，群眾性文化活動日益豐富，公共文化服務體系建設取得了很大的進步，但目前還存在財政困難、投入不足，地區、城鄉發展不平衡，社會參與少，政府唱獨角戲，公共文化產品和服務的有效供給不足等問題。在“十三五”時期，需要積極落實中央相關政策，補齊公共文化建設的短板；充分發揮公共文化服務體系作用，增進“五個認同”的共識；盤活存量、拓展增量，豐富公共文化資源；轉變發展理念，實現政府主導與社會多方參與相結合，建設惠及全區群眾的現代公共文化服務體系。%In the"Twelfth Five-year", with the cultural projects of benefiting people and the counterpart assis?tance projects, Tibet’s construction of public cultural service system have made a great progress. In Tibet, a five-leveled network of public cultural facilities has been built, which improved the conditions of cultural service, and the quantity of cultural products and the quality of cultural service. And the mass cultural activities are increas?ingly enriched. However, some problems still exist in public cultural service, for instance, insufficient financial input, unbalanced development of urban and rural areas, little social participation, the government putting on one-man-show, insufficient effective supply of cultural products and services. Therefore, it is necessary to active?ly implement the policies of the central government to improve the construction of public cultural service, and have the public cultural service system play its full role.
    • 摘要：非公有制經濟加快發展，已成為西藏穩增長、調結構的重要舉措，高質量的西藏非公有制經濟勢必帶動西藏市場經濟的穩步發展，進而調動西藏人力資源的合理流動與配置。然而，現實中，西藏人力資源流動的結構性缺陷，導致非公有制經濟自身發展受到了制約。文章以西藏籍大學生就業問題為切入點，剖析非公有制經濟發展瓶頸與西藏籍大學生就業中結構性失衡的互動關系，提出通過加快非公有制經濟發展來解決大學生就業結構失衡問題的可能路徑。%The development of non-public sector of the economy in Tibet becomes an important action which ad?justs the structure of Tibet’s economic development and social comprehensive development. High quality of the non-public economy will definitely drive the steady development of market economy in Tibet, so as to activate the development of the society, thus fully mobilize the rational flow of human resources and configuration of Ti?bet, and at the same time, also provide more platforms for college students’employment. Based on this, this arti?cle attempts to analyze the structural imbalance problem in Tibetan college students’employment in the context of the development of non-public economy, and then put forward the possibilities of solve this problem.
    • 摘要：古代藏族氏族部落的遷徙、內部整合與分化是古藏文吐蕃地名產生的主要原因。從民族史視野審視古藏文吐蕃地名、部落名有直接或間接的關系，同時與唐朝及其他周邊民族政權的關系和政治地理格局演變有密切的關聯。吐蕃地名是吐蕃時期遺留下來的重要文化符號，對以后藏族地名文化產生了比任何時期都更為重要和直接的影響，要了解吐蕃時期地理歷史語言，可從地名入手從事論證研究。同時，想考證近代藏族各類地名的來源含義，也可以從吐蕃地名查找其根源。
    • 摘要：藏傳佛教的判教是自吐蕃佛教傳入藏地，直至實現本地化時期，出現在佛教內部，判別佛教顯密教法次第和高下的理論。多羅那他大師作為明代藏地藏傳佛教覺囊派的中興大師，他通過宗義闡釋和密宗經典梳理的方式，對佛教顯密教法進行了判釋，而立“大中觀”為自派的“了義”見。這既是多羅那他大師修證體悟的結果，也是時代背景下回擊藏傳佛教其他教派詆毀、維護覺囊派獨立的現實選擇。%After Buddhism was introduced into Tibet during the Tubo's period, and had been localized, the Tibet?an Buddhist classification of Buddhist Dharma came into been to identify the Buddhist theories and the order of exotoric and esoteric Buddhist Dharma. Taranatha, as a master of the Jonang School of Tibetan Buddhism in Ti?bet in the Ming dynasty, classified the scriptures of esoteric Buddhism and the Dharma of exotoric and esoteric Buddhism. This is the result of Master Taranatha's personal Buddhist cultivation and enlightenment, and it is al?so the response to the denigration of other Tibetan Buddhist schools to the Jonang School so as to protect and up?hold the Jonang.
    • 摘要：更敦群培大師創作的詩歌文筆暢達、詞匯豐富、通俗易懂。詩歌有的慷慨激昂，有的卻諷刺詼諧，充分展示了大師出眾的才華。文章介紹了大師在其著作《金穗-智游列國漫記》里創作的一些詩歌，并對其漢英兩種外譯本進行了賞析，旨在介紹大師的藏族文學創作，探索藏漢-藏英翻譯的技巧和策略。%Gendun Chopel's poems were written in an easy and fluent style, and they are rich in vocabulary and easy to understand. Some of them express with deep feelings and enthusiasm, but some with satire and humor. The poems show the poet's outstanding talent. The author appreciates some poems from Gendun Chopel's Grains of Gold-Tales of a Cosmopolitan Traveler, and their Chinese and English translations. This article aims to intro?duce Tibetan literature, and explore some skills and strategies of Tibetan-Chinese and Tibetan-English transla?tion.
    • 摘要：The article discusses the achievements in the construction and development of public cultural policies in Tibet Autonomous Region in the period of the 12th five-year. According to the specific plan of the Party Cen?tral Committee on public cultural propaganda, this article proposes that the leading effect of cultural develop?ment policy should continue to be increased, and its practical effect be improved, and its service effect gradually be perfected, and so on.%文章通過梳理“十二五”期間西藏自治區公共文化政策建設及發展成效，依據以習近平同志為核心的黨中央對公共文化宣傳工作的具體部署，提出了持續加大文化建設政策的引領效應，不斷科學推進文化建設政策的實用效應，逐步完善文化建設政策的服務效應等公共文化建設政策建議。
    • 摘要：The article compares Tibet with other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. And the poverty of Tibet is analyzed by referring to the investigation done in Gyapeng Village of Shipen Township in Tingri County of Shigatse in Tibet. Then, the poverty reduction effects of fiscal expenditure in Tibet is analyzed from the four aspects, namely per capita GDP, per capita income of rural residents, annual mortality rate and the proportion of population with only primary school education. The result shows that:backward economic develop?ment is the root of the poverty of Tibet autonomous region;a family's fertility and mortality rate, and its level of education are closely related with the family's poverty;poverty reduction effect of fiscal expenditure is the best on per capita GDP, then on rural per capita income, mortality, the population with only primary school education in sequence. Therefore, when the governments at all levels reduce poverty through fiscal expenditure, they must increase public welfare first, and promote overall economic growth, at the same time it is necessary to pay a close attention to the increase of farmers' income and the construction and accumulation of human capital, and to put education at the center of the poverty reduction work.%文章宏觀上通過西藏與我國其他省、市、自治區的橫向對比，微觀上根據日喀則市定日縣西宗鄉加盆村的調研情況，分析西藏的貧困狀態。其后從人均GDP、農村人均收入、年度死亡率和小學以下人口所占比例四個方面，分析西藏財政支出的減貧效應。結論顯示：經濟發展滯后，是西藏自治區整體貧困的根源；家庭的生育率、死亡率、受教育程度均與家庭的貧困程度有著較強的聯系。財政支出“減貧效果”最好的是人均GDP，其次分別為農村人均收入、死亡率和小學學歷以下人口。因此，各級政府在通過財政進行減貧時，必須把公共福利的提高放到首位，在促進整體經濟增長的同時，著重關注農牧民的增收，并且將教育減貧放在減貧工作的中心位置，注重人力資本建設與積累。
    • 摘要：藏族民間手工藝的歷史源遠流長，它作為藏民族文化藝術體系的重要組成部分，所涉門類廣泛，從家庭生活用品、裝飾用品至佛教用品等方面皆有覆蓋。藏族民間手工藝具有較高的歷史文化價值和社會經濟效益。文章以拉薩地區為主要研究區域，將調查、采訪所獲得的一手資料加以整理、歸納，總結出該地區民間手工藝在傳承方面主要依托的兩大平臺：一是通過公辦教育機構培育學生進行手工藝傳承；二是通過私營企業培訓進行傳承。通過論述這兩種傳承方式的異同優劣，全面介紹拉薩地區民間手工藝的發展現狀，以此管窺整個西藏地區民族手工業發展的基本面貌。%Tibetan folk handcraft, as an important part of Tibetan cultural and art system, has a long history. It covers a wide range categories from household living articles, decorative items to religious articles. They have comparatively high historical and cultural value, and bring social and economic benefits. After having collected first-hand information through surveys and interviews done in Lhasa area, the writer found the two platforms which Tibetan folk handcraft rely on for its inheritance. The first platform to achieve the inheritance of Tibetan folk handcraft is the training of public educational institutions;the second is the training of private sectors. Addi?tionally, this article discusses the differences and similarities of these two modes of inheritance, and gives a com?prehensive introduction of the development of Tibetan folk handcraft in Lhasa. From this article, the readers can have a restricted view of the overall situation of Tibetan traditional handicraft industry.
    • 摘要：農牧業特色產業精準幫扶模式對創新西藏扶貧工作具有重要意義。文章通過分析西藏農牧業特色產業精準幫扶模式的運行機制，著重考察了拉薩凈土健康產業在扶貧工作中的主要經驗，同時進一步指出了該模式存在的不足與問題，以期對西藏精準扶貧工作全面開展提供有益借鑒。%A targeted aid mode for the characteristic industries of agricultural and animal husbandry is essential to innovate the work of poverty reduction in Tibet. This article analyzes the operating mechanism of the targeted aid mode for the characteristic industries of agricultural and animal husbandry in Tibet, and it focuses on the re?search of the work of poverty reduction of Lhasa Pure Land Wellness Industry. In addition, in this article the shortcomings and problems of the mode are pointed out so as to provide some useful reference for Tibet to carry out the work of poverty reduction comprehensively.
    • 摘要：In background of the rapid development and localization of youth hostels in China, this article explores the hotspots of positive and negative reviews on accommodation experience and satisfaction of youth hostels in Ti?bet, with Lhasa Phuntsok Khasang International Youth Hostel as the study case. Reviews collected from Chinese popular tourism websites are analyzed through qualitative research method and computer software. The results show that tourists are satisfied with location and interaction space of the youth hostel, but have some complaints about basic services, facilities and equipments. A Youth hostel's location and price are the toursits' major con?cern. Through degree centrality analysis, this article aims at expanding the scope of research on tourism accom?modation and youth hostels, and providing reference for local youth hostels on their management and develop?ment.%在國內青年旅舍迅速發展并呈現本土化特點的背景下，以拉薩平措康桑國際青年旅舍為例，選取中文熱門旅行網站的網絡點評為研究樣本，使用質性研究方法，借助軟件分析，挖掘西藏青年旅舍住宿體驗與滿意度的好評熱點與差評熱點。研究結果表明：青年旅舍的區位條件和互動空間是旅游者最滿意的因素；基礎服務和設施設備是旅游者最不滿意的因素；且旅游者對青年旅舍的區位條件和價格因素最為關注。文章通過點度中心度的測量與分析，以期拓展旅游住宿和青年旅舍研究的內容，為地方青年旅舍的經營發展提供參考。
    • 摘要：According to the geographical distribution characteristics of the word“把”, a passive marker word in Chinese, found in the dialects of the south areas of China, it is found that the geographical distribution of the word“把”is consistent with the direction of population migration, transportation, and administrative division. In the Wu, Gan, Xiang dialects and the dialects of northern Guangdong province, there are implosives, the word“把”is one of them. Linguistically, it illustrates the geographical distribution characteristics of“把”. In the his?tory of Chinese language, the word“把”, originally a disposing marker, gradually becomes a marker of passive voice as Chinese grammar change. It further tells us the reason why in northern Mandarin the word“把”is com?monly used as a a disposing marker but not a marker of passive voice.%根據漢語方言“把”字被動標記詞的地理分布，發現其集中于南部方言區，由贛語向西南官話、江淮官話以及湘語、吳語區擴散，呈輻射的分布特點。它的地理分布與人口遷徙方向、交通位置、行政區劃一致。吳語、贛語、湘語、粵北土話等許多南方話系統里都有系統的內爆音化現象，“把”字被動標記也有內爆音化現象，從語音學上進一步印證和補充了其地理分布特點。漢語史上“把”字處置標記和被動標記的同形只是歷史的偶然，它們分別是兩項完全獨立、時間層次迥異的語法演變結果。這進一步啟示我們：既然“把”表處置不會演變到“把”表被動，那么北方官話區廣泛使用“把”字處置標記詞，而未使用“把”字被動標記詞就可以得到合理的解釋。
    • 摘要：目前學術界比較缺乏民族地區抗美援朝運動的研究。文章從民族認同的視角出發，概述了四川藏區抗美援朝運動的主要形式，探討了抗美援朝運動在消減藏區內部的民族隔閡，通過共同行動的參與、喚起“共患難、同呼吸”的想象，以及增強少數民族對中華民族認同、增強愛國主義教育效果中所具有的作用。%There are few academic researches on the movement to resist U.S aggression and aid Korea in the eth?nic areas. This article, from the perspective of national identity, provides an overview of the main forms of the movement in Sichuan Tibetan areas, and discusses the positive effect of the movement in removing the national misunderstandings in the Tibetan areas, and in strengthening the national identity of the ethnic groups in China, and in enhancing their patriotic spirit.
    • 摘要：Rmu/dmu is the name of one of the four or six Tibetan ancient clans. This article analyzes the derivation of rmu/dmu from Tibeto-Burman Branch and Bon literature firstly, and then discusses its religious connotations in different periods. Specifically, it maybe meant"luminosity"initially, then extended to the abstract meaning of"sky" gradually, after it meant"deity", and at the same time, it referred to the "rmu/dmu"deity and the place where they resided, finally, the“rmu/dmu”clan broke away from the mythology and became the name of a Tibet?an clan in reality.%“穆”（rmu/dmu）是藏族古代四大或六大氏族名之一。文章從藏緬語系統中的“穆”與苯教文獻中“穆”的神話傳說兩方面分析“穆”的詞源。認為在不同的時期“穆”有不同的宗教涵義。最初“穆”的涵義可能指的是“光”、“光明”；后來發展出“天”的抽象意義；再之后，逐漸精致化為“神”的意義，同時出現了穆神居住的地方“穆域”和穆神家族即“穆族人”，最后穆族人從神話中脫離了出來，成為藏族人真實的古代氏族名稱。
    • 摘要："Prays in Wind"is another masterpiece of Tsering Norbu, a Tibetan young writer. After many years of writing short stories, the writer took five years to create the excellent full-length novel. This novel portrays Jigmi Wangdza, a kind-hearted, honest, ordinary Buddhist monk, and describes his life of suffering."Suffering"is the character's main feature. Based on this point, this article interprets the profound and excellent spirit of an ethnic people illustrated in the novel from the aspect of suffering, forbearance and tolerance.%《祭語風中》是藏族青年作家次仁羅布的又一力作，是作者經過多年中短篇小說創作積淀之后，歷時五年創作出的一部優秀的長篇小說。這部長篇小說敘述了“我”——一個心地善良、忠誠老實、普通平凡的僧人晉美旺扎苦難的一生?！翱嚯y”是這個人物的主要特點。文章以此為切入點，從苦難、忍耐、寬容三方面來解讀作品所蘊含的深刻而又優秀的民族精神。
    • 摘要：By using factor analysis to extract five factors affecting the satisfaction of the basic public services in Tibet, a research on the relationship between the factors and overall satisfaction and the situational effect of the relationship has been carried on with both general linear regression model and hierarchical linear regression model, and the result shows:①both impact factors and overall satisfaction are different among regions;②the ef?fects of different factors on overall satisfaction are significantly different;③there is no situational effect of the re?lationship between impact factor and overall satisfaction, but this relationship has significant differences between individuals in a same region. Finally, this article, based on the analysis,gives some relevant policy suggestion.%利用因子分析法，提煉出5個影響西藏地區基本公共服務滿意度的因子，并分別采用普通線性回歸模型和分層線性回歸模型對這些影響因子與總體滿意度的關系以及這種關系的情景效應進行了研究。研究結果顯示：①影響因子與總體滿意度均存在區際差異；②不同影響因子對總體滿意度的影響存在顯著差異；③影響因子與總體滿意度的關系不存在情景效應，但這種關系在區際內部不同個體之間卻存在顯著差異。最后，依據分析結論，給出了相應的政策建議。
    • 摘要：十八大以來，西藏自治區黨委政府在中央統一部署下，加大了反腐廉政建設力度。西藏如何更好地建設廉潔高效政府，既是一個理論問題也是一個實踐問題。文章在機制設計理論、公共選擇理論等相關人才選拔任用理論的分析基礎上，提出構建一個建設西藏廉潔高效政府的、基于“互聯網+評估”的干部選拔任用系統，以便打好廉潔高效政府建設的人才基礎，為未來西藏廉潔高效政府建設提供有效路徑。%Since the 18th Congress of China's Communist Party, the Party Committee and government of Tibet au?tonomous region has carried out a wide range of anti-corruption activities for a clean government under the uni?fied deployment of the Party Central Committee. The construction of a corruption free and highly efficient govern?ment is a both theoretical and practical issue. On the basis of "internet+evaluation"system for cadre selection and appointment, this article proposes an effective path to construct a clean and efficient government in Tibet by applying mechanism design theory, public choice theory and talent selection theory.
    • 摘要：道光《巴塘志略》的成書時間及特點、價值 巴塘位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州西部，金沙江東岸，清代之前，漢文史志對此地鮮有記載。道光《巴塘志略》成書之前，雍正《四川通志·西域志》及乾隆《雅州府志·西域志》在有關西域的分地設目記載中曾涉及巴塘，這是清代地方志中有關巴塘的較早記載，但所記皆非常簡略。
    • 摘要：The term "regent" in Tibetan language originally referred to a religious leader or the successors of Dharma King , but it had nothing to do with political power. After the 7th Dalai Lama died, the Qing government initially established a regent system. Before then, there existed some "regent-like" personnel and positions in the Tibetan history, for instance, Gar Dongtsan (mgar stong btsan yul srung), a minister in the Tubo ’s period, Chi Mala (khri-ma-la), a female regent in the Tubo's, Tidong, a regent like official in Phakmo Trupa Regime of Ti?bet. Due to lack systematicness and normalization, they are collectively termed "Regent-likes" in this article. The study of the positions similar to a regent will contribute to the understanding of Tibetan traditional official system.%藏文中“攝政”一詞最初是指宗教教主或法王的繼承人，并不牽涉政治權力。七世達賴喇嘛圓寂后，清朝正式在西藏確立了攝政制度，然而在此之前西藏地方歷史上存在過某種帶有“攝政”內涵的人員和職位，如吐蕃時期的大相噶爾·東贊域松、女攝政王沒廬妃·赤瑪倫以及帕竹政權的“替東”攝政官等，由于缺乏系統性和規范性，文章統稱為“類攝政現象”。對歷史上多樣態的類攝政職位的探討將有助于認識藏族傳統的職官體制。
    • 摘要：文章對阿爾寨石窟第31窟壁畫中的毗沙門天王及八大夜叉圖像進行分析，再與漢傳佛教中的毗沙門天王像、藏傳佛教中的毗沙門天王對比，試圖說明阿爾寨石窟第31窟壁畫中的毗沙門天王像既具有藏式風格，同時也體現了鮮明的蒙古族特色。%In this article the image of Vaisravana and the images of Eight Yakshas in the 31st cave of Arzhai Grot? to are analyzed and compared with the Vaisravana's images in Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism. This article at? tempts to illustrate the Vaisravana's image the 31st cave of Arzhai Grotto is in Tibetan style with Mongolian char? acteristics.

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